{"id":30,"date":"2011-04-23T07:05:42","date_gmt":"2011-04-23T07:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.altermedia.ro\/tolkien.ro\/blog\/?p=30"},"modified":"2015-09-18T20:56:56","modified_gmt":"2015-09-18T17:56:56","slug":"j-r-r-tolkien-trei-texte-sacre-in-graiuri-elfice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/2011\/04\/j-r-r-tolkien-trei-texte-sacre-in-graiuri-elfice\/","title":{"rendered":"J. R. R. Tolkien: Trei texte sacre \u00een graiuri elfice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a title=\"trei texte sacre in graiuri elfice\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/docs\/Trei texte sacre \u00een graiuri elfice.pdf\">Clic aici pentru versiunea pdf a studiului<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O dat\u00e3 cu romanele sale, scriitorul englez John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) a creat un univers insolit, P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc, populat de diferite neamuri: <em>pitici, elfi, orci, c\u00e3pc\u00e3uni, oameni, uria\u0219i, hobbi\u021bi<\/em>. Felul cum au ap\u00e3rut ace\u0219ti locuitori ne este povestit \u00een <em>Silmarillion<\/em>. \u00cent\u00e2ii N\u00e3scu\u021bi ai Creatorului (numit aici Eru Il\u00favatar) sunt ni\u0219te f\u00e3pturi angelice, trezite sub lumina stelelor pres\u00e3rate de valara Varda, so\u021bia lui Manw\u00eb, \u00een apropiere de lacul Cuivi\u00e9nen (&#8222;Apa Trezirii&#8221;). Aici au tr\u00e3it vreme \u00eendelungat\u00e3, r\u00e3stimp \u00een care au str\u00e3b\u00e3tut P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc \u0219i s-au minunat de toate cele \u00eent\u00e2lnite, c\u00e3ci fuseser\u00e3 crea\u021bi cu darul vorbirii \u0219i au dat nume tuturor lucrurilor \u0219i f\u00e3pturilor pe care le-au z\u00e3rit. Pe ei \u00een\u0219i\u0219i s-au numit <em>quendi<\/em>, adic\u00e3 &#8222;cei care vorbesc&#8221;, c\u00e3ci \u00een afara lor nu existau alte f\u00e3pturi care s\u00e3 cuv\u00e2nte sau s\u00e3 c\u00e2nte. Abia apoi, o dat\u00e3 cu primul r\u00e3s\u00e3rit de Soare, s-au n\u00e3scut \u0219i oamenii, neam c\u00e3ruia Creatorul i-a h\u00e3r\u00e3zit o soart\u00e3 aparte.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Elfii erau nemuritori, iubeau frumuse\u021bea lumii, o f\u00e3ceau s\u00e3 \u00eenfloreasc\u00e3 prin delicate\u021bea \u0219i perfec\u021biunea cu care au fost d\u00e3rui\u021bi. La \u00eenceput ei au vorbit doar <em>quenya <\/em>(elfa nobil\u00e3), dar apoi s-au amestecat cu oamenii \u0219i astfel a ap\u00e3rut <em>limba sindarin\u00e3<\/em>. \u00cen Anexa F (<em>&#8222;Limbile \u0219i popoarele celui de-al treilea ev&#8221;<\/em>) la <em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor <\/em>[1], Tolkien ne spune c\u00e3, \u00eenainte de Apusul lor, majoritatea elfilor adoptaser\u00e3 sindarina pentru via\u021ba de zi cu zi, \u00een vreme ce elfa nobil\u00e3 devenise un fel de &#8222;latin\u00e3 a elfilor&#8221;, folosit\u00e3 doar \u00een ceremonii, \u00een datini \u0219i \u00een c\u00e2ntece.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00centr-o scrisoare adresat\u00e3 lui Milton Waldman, \u00een 1951, reprodus\u00e3 \u00een preambulul edi\u021biei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti a <em>Silmarillion<\/em>-ului, J. R. R. Tolkien m\u00e3rturisea o leg\u00e3tur\u00e3 special\u00e3 cu aceast\u00e3 parte a crea\u021biei sale: &#8222;\u00cen spatele pove\u0219tilor mele se afl\u00e3 o \u00eentreaga \u00eencreng\u00e3tur\u00e3 de limbi (cele mai multe doar schi\u021bate ca structur\u00e3). Dar acelor creaturi pe care \u00een englez\u00e3 le numesc &#171;Elves&#187;, o denumire ce induce \u00een eroare, le-am destinat doua limbi \u00eenrudite care sunt aproape complete &#8211; am scris istoricul lor, iar formele (reprezent\u00e2nd dou\u00e3 laturi diferite ale propriului meu gust lingvistic) au fost deduse \u00een mod \u0219tiin\u021bific dintr-o origine comun\u00e3. Din aceste limbi am construit aproape toate numele care apar \u00een legendele mele. Ceea ce confer\u00e3, sau cel pu\u021bin a\u0219a cred, un anumit caracter toponimiei \u0219i onomasticii (coeziune, unitate de stil lingvistic, iluzia istoricita\u021bii), cu totul unic \u00een literatura de gen.&#8221; \u00aai, parc\u00e3 presim\u021bind avatarurile postume ale operelor sale, scriitorul sublinia: &#8222;Probabil c\u00e3 pentru mul\u021bi este un lucru lipsit de importan\u021b\u00e3, \u00eens\u00e3 nu \u0219i pentru mine, dat\u00e3 fiind sensibilitatea mea deosebit\u00e3 fa\u021b\u00e3 de astfel de aspecte.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more-->Ce ar fi zis oare autorul, v\u00e3z\u00e2nd c\u00e3 edi\u021bia rom\u00e2neasc\u00e3 a <em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nului inelelor <\/em>a ap\u00e3rut f\u00e3r\u00e3 Anexa E \u0219i f\u00e3r\u00e3 partea a doua din Anexa F (<em>&#8222;Despre traducere&#8221;<\/em>), omise nu at\u00e2t &#8222;din motive care \u021bin de ortografia \u0219i pronun\u021bia specifice limbii engleze&#8221;, cum ar fi dorit traduc\u00e3toarea s\u00e3 credem, c\u00e2t mai degrab\u00e3 din grab\u00e3 \u0219i comoditate?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La baza graiurilor <em>quenya <\/em>(elfa nobil\u00e3) \u0219i <em>sindarin <\/em>(idiom vorbit de elfii cenu\u0219ii) a stat finlandeza, pe care scriitorul o \u00eenv\u00e3\u021base citind <em>Kalevala <\/em>\u00een original. Un vorbitor de maghiar\u00e3 (limb\u00e3 \u00eenrudit\u00e3 cu finladeza) poate reg\u00e3si \u00een lexicul elfesc multe cuvinte cunoscute: s\u00e3 amintim, drept exemplu, un termen precum <em>atar <\/em>&#8222;tat\u00e3&#8221;, din care s-a format apelativul <em>atani<\/em>, &#8222;oameni&#8221;, at\u00e2t de apropiat de ungurescul <em>atya<\/em>, &#8222;p\u00e3rinte&#8221;. Tolkien nu numai c\u00e3 a inventat limbile de pe P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc, ci chiar le-a folosit. Exemplific\u00e3ri ar fi destule, ne oprim \u00eens\u00e3 doar la <em>A Elbereth Gilthoniel<\/em>, imnul de slav\u00e3 c\u00e2ntat de elfi \u00een cinstea valarei Varda [2], pe care Frodo Baggins \u00eel aude \u00een casa lui Elrond din V\u00e2lceaua Despicat\u00e3, \u00een momentul c\u00e2nd, \u00eempreun\u00e3 cu Bilbo Baggins, ies din Sala Focului (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. I, pp. 341-342). Se pare c\u00e3 Frodo cuno\u0219tea dinainte o parte din imn, deoarece, rostind primul vers, l-a alungat pe Regele Vr\u00e3jitor, atunci c\u00e2nd nazg&#251;lii i-au atacat pe hobbi\u021bii poposi\u021bi pe Amon S&#251;l, &#8222;\u021bancul Vremii&#8221; (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. I, p. 287). S\u00e3 ne amintim de remarca lui Aragorn (pe c\u00e2nd era cunoscut de membrii fr\u00e3\u021biei sub numele Pas Mare): &#8222;Mai ucig\u00e3tor pentru el [Regele Vr\u00e3jitor] a fost numele Elbereth.&#8221; (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. I, p. 290)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00cen momentul c\u00e2nd b\u00e3rcile cu care Fr\u00e3\u021bia Inelului a pornit din Lothl\u00f3rien au fost atacate de un nazg&#251;l, prin\u021bul elf Legolas \u0219i-a lansat s\u00e3geata cer\u00e2nd ajutorul Doamnei Stelelor prin acelea\u0219i cuvinte (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. I, p. 543). Sam cel \u00cen\u021belept invoc\u00e3 imnul din nou c\u00e2nd respinge atacul lui Shelob, p\u00e3ianjenul monstruos din Cirith Ungol (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. II, p. 425). [3]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>A Elbereth Gilthoniel <\/em>este cel mai lung text \u00een sindarin\u00e3 din <em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>. Tolkien a tradus \u00een volum doar dou\u00e3 cuvinte din imn, &#8222;galadhremmin Ennorath&#8221; (\u021binuturi \u00eemp\u00e3durite de pe P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc), amintite \u00eentr-o not\u00e3 din Anexa E. Ulterior, el a realizat o traducere complet\u00e3 \u00een englez\u00e3, \u00eenso\u021bit\u00e3 de comentarii l\u00e3muritoare, publicat\u00e3 \u00een antologia de versuri \u0219i muzic\u00e3 <em>Road Goes Ever On<\/em>, care a ap\u00e3rut \u00een mai multe edi\u021bii. [4]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Iat\u00e3 traducerea imnului elfesc (de fapt, a celor trei varia\u021biuni ale sale incluse \u00een roman), realizat\u00e3 pe baza versiunii engleze propuse de \u00eensu\u0219i J. R. R. Tolkien (prezent\u00e3m \u00een paralel versiunea original\u00e3 \u00een sindarin\u00e3, versiunea \u00een limba englez\u00e3 \u0219i versiunea \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u00e3):<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>A ELBERETH GILTHONIEL <\/strong><em>\/ O ELBERETH STAR-KINDLER \/ <\/em><strong><em>O! DOAMN\u00c3 A STELELOR, APRINZATOARE A ASTRELOR<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> <\/strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">1. A Elbereth Gilthoniel, [5]<\/span><br \/>\nO Elbereth Star-kindler<br \/>\n<strong>O! Doamn\u00e3 a Stelelor, Aprinz\u00e3toare a astrelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">silivren penna m\u00edriel<\/span><br \/>\n(white) glittering slants down sparkling like jewels<br \/>\n<strong>ca ni\u0219te nestemate sc\u00e2nteind, \u00een lic\u00e3r [alb] pe c\u00e2nd se sting,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o menel aglar elenath!<\/span><br \/>\nfrom [the] firmament [the] glory [of] the star-host!<br \/>\n<strong>pe firmament, str\u00e3lucire a mul\u021bimii de stele!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Na-chaered palan-d\u00edriel<\/span><br \/>\nTo-remote distance far-having gazed<br \/>\n<strong>Din dep\u00e3rt\u00e3ri de neatins, privind spre dincolo de zare,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o galadhremmin ennorath,<\/span><br \/>\nfrom [the] tree-tangled middle-lands,<br \/>\n<strong>din \u021binuturile \u00eemp\u00e3durite de pe P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Fanuilos, le linnathon<\/span><br \/>\nFanuilos, to thee I will chant<br \/>\n<strong>Fanuilos [6], c\u00e3tre tine \u00eemi \u00eenal\u021b c\u00e2ntarea<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">nef aear, s\u00ed nef aearon!<\/span><br \/>\non this side of ocean, here on this side of the Great Ocean!<br \/>\n<strong>pornit\u00e3 de pe acest \u021b\u00e3rm al oceanului, de pe acest \u021b\u00e3rm al Marelui Ocean.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">2. A Elbereth Gilthoniel, [7]<\/span><br \/>\nO Elbereth Star-kindler<br \/>\n<strong>O! Doamn\u00e3 a Stelelor, Aprinz\u00e3toare a astrelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o menel palan-d\u00edriel,<\/span><br \/>\nfrom heaven gazing afar,<br \/>\n<strong>din ceruri scrut\u00e2nd \u00een dep\u00e3rtare<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">le nallon s\u00ed di&#8217;-nguruthos!<\/span><br \/>\nto thee I cry now beneath the shadow of death!<br \/>\n<strong>\u021bie m\u00e3 pl\u00e2ng acum, \u00eenv\u00e3luit de umbra mor\u021bii!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">A t\u00edro nin, Fanuilos!<\/span><br \/>\nO look towards me, Everwhite!<br \/>\n<strong>O! prive\u0219te c\u00e3tre mine, tu, Cea Ve\u0219nic Preacurat\u00e3!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">3. A Elbereth Gilthoniel, [8]<\/span><br \/>\nO Elbereth Star-kindler<br \/>\n<strong>O! Doamn\u00e3 a Stelelor, Aprinz\u00e3toare a astrelor<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">silivren penna m\u00edriel<\/span><br \/>\nwhite-glittering, slanting down sparkling like a jewel,<br \/>\n<strong>ca ni\u0219te nestemate sc\u00e2nteind, \u00een lic\u00e3r alb pe c\u00e2nd se sting,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">o menel aglar elenath,<\/span><br \/>\nthe glory of the starry host<br \/>\n<strong>str\u00e3lucire a mul\u021bimii \u00eenstelate!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Gilthoniel, A! Elbereth!<\/span><br \/>\nStarkindler, O! Elbereth!<br \/>\n<strong>Aprinz\u00e3toare a astrelor, o, Doamn\u00e3 a Stelelor!<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tolkien a \u0219tiut s\u00e3-\u0219i \u00eembine pasiunea pentru n\u00e3scocirea limbilor cu credin\u021ba. Una dintre cele mai elocvente dovezi o constituie faptul c\u00e3 el a tradus \u00een elfa nobil\u00e3 (<em>quenya<\/em>) principalele rug\u00e3ciuni cre\u0219tine, precum <em>Tat\u00e3l nostru <\/em>\u0219i <em>Bucur\u00e3-te, Marie<\/em>. Prezent\u00e3m \u00een continuare aceste dou\u00e3 texte sacre (pentru o urm\u00e3rire mai u\u0219oar\u00e3 a versiunii originale \u00een <em>quenya<\/em>, \u00eei juxtapunem versiunea \u00een limba englez\u00e3 \u0219i versiunea \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u00e3).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00c1TAREMMA \/ <\/strong><em>OUR FATHER <\/em><strong>\/ <\/strong><strong><em>TAT\u00c3L NOSTRU<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00c1taremma i \u00eba han \u00eba<\/span><br \/>\nOur father who art in heaven,<br \/>\n<strong>Tat\u00e3l nostru Carele e\u0219ti \u00een ceruri,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">na aire esselya<\/span><br \/>\nhallowed be thy name,<br \/>\n<strong>sfin\u021beasc\u00e3-se numele T\u00e3u;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">aranielya na tuluva<\/span><br \/>\nthy kingdom come,<br \/>\n<strong>vie \u00cemp\u00e3r\u00e3\u021bia Ta;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">na care ind\u00f3melya cemende tambe Erumande<\/span><br \/>\nthy will be done, on earth as [it is] in heaven<br \/>\n<strong>fac\u00e3-se voia Ta precum \u00een cer a\u0219a \u0219i pe p\u00e3m\u00e2nt.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00e1men anta s\u00edra ilaur\u00eba massamma<br \/>\nGive us this day our daily bread,<br \/>\n<strong>P\u00e2inea noastr\u00e3 cea de toate zilele d\u00e3-ne-o nou\u00e3 ast\u00e3zi;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ar \u00e1men apsene \u00facaremmar s\u00edv&#8217; emme apsenet tien i \u00facarer emmen<\/span><br \/>\nand forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0219i ne iart\u00e3 nou\u00e3 gre\u0219alele noastre precum \u0219i noi iert\u00e3m gre\u0219i\u021bilor no\u0219tri;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00c1lame tulya \u00fasahtienna mal \u00e1me etelehta ulcullo : n\u00e1sie :<\/span><br \/>\nAnd lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0219i nu ne duce pe noi \u00een ispit\u00e3, ci ne izb\u00e3ve\u0219te de Cel-R\u00e3u. Amin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>AIA MAR\u00cdA \/ <\/strong><em>HAIL MARY <\/em><strong>\/ <\/strong><strong><em>BUCUR\u00c3-TE, MARIE<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Aia Mar\u00eda quanta Eruanno<\/span><br \/>\nHail Mary full of grace,<br \/>\n<strong>Bucur\u00e3-te, Marie, cea plin\u00e3 de har,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">i H\u00e9ru as elye<\/span><br \/>\nthe Lord is with thee.<br \/>\n<strong>Domnul este cu tine.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">aistana elye im\u00edca n\u00edsi :<\/span><br \/>\nBlessed art thou among women<br \/>\n<strong>Binecuv\u00e2ntat\u00e3 e\u0219ti tu \u00eentre femei,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">ar aistana i y\u00e1ve m\u00f3nalyo Y\u00e9sus :<\/span><br \/>\nand blessed is the fruit of thy womb Jesus.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0219i binecuv\u00e2ntat este rodul trupului t\u00e3u, Isus.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Aire Mar\u00eda Eruo ontaril<\/span><br \/>\nHoly Mary mother of God,<br \/>\n<strong>Preasf\u00e2nt\u00e3 Marie, Mama lui Dumnezeu,<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u00e1 hyame r\u00e1men \u00facarindor<\/span><br \/>\npray for us sinners<br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">roag\u00e3-te pentru noi p\u00e3c\u00e3to\u0219ii,<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">s\u00ed ar l\u00famesse ya firuvamme : n\u00e1sie :<\/span><br \/>\nnow and in the hour of our death. Amen.<br \/>\n<strong>acum \u0219i \u00een ora mor\u021bii noastre. Amin.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Traduceri din limba englez\u00e3, prezentare \u0219i note de Gy\u00f6rfi-Deak Gy\u00f6rgy<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><em>Sursa: ACTA IASSYENSIA COMPARATIONIS, 6\/2008<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">______________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>NOTE:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1] V. versiunea rom\u00e2neasc\u00e3 (la care facem trimiterile textuale) &#8211; J.R. R. Tolkien, <em>St\u00e3p\u00eenul inelelor<\/em>, Bucure\u0219ti, RAO: vol. I, <em>Fr\u00e3\u021bia inelului<\/em>, traducere de Irina Horea, versuri traduse de Ion Horea, 1999; vol. II, <em>Cele dou\u00e3 turnuri<\/em>, traducere de Gabriela Nedelea, 2000; vol. III, <em>\u00centoarcerea regelui<\/em>, traducere de Irina Horea, versuri traduse de Ion Horea, 2001.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[2] Numit\u00e3 Elbereth \u00een sindarin\u00e3 sau Elent\u00e1ri \u00een elfa nobil\u00e3\/quenya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[3] \u00cen studiul <em>The Lord and Lady of the Rings: The Hidden Presence of Tolkien&#8217;s Catholicism in the Lord of the Rings (Domnul \u0219i Doamna Inelelor: T\u00e3inuita prezen\u021b\u00e3 a catolicismului \u00een St\u00e3p\u00e2nul Inelelor de Tolkien<\/em>), Stratford Caldecott relev\u00e3 o tr\u00e3s\u00e3tur\u00e3 definitorie a credin\u021bei scriitorului englez, &#8222;pe care mul\u021bi (incluz\u00e2ndu-l aici \u0219i pe prietenul lui Tolkien, C. S. Lewis) o g\u00e3sesc dubioas\u00e3 \u0219i anume venerarea Fecioarei Maria&#8221;. Eseistul consider\u00e3 c\u00e3 unele dintre tr\u00e3s\u00e3turile Maicii Domnului se reg\u00e3sesc \u00een anumite personaje feminine ale lui Tolkien, precum Galadriel \u0219i Elbereth. Dar leg\u00e3tura direct\u00e3 apare explicit prezentat\u00e3 \u00een finalul romanului. Inelul Suveran a fost distrus pe 25 Martie, de Bunavestire, cu exact nou\u00e3 luni \u00eenainte de Cr\u00e3ciun. Este ziua z\u00e3mislirii copilului divin, a imaculatei concep\u021bii anun\u021bate de \u00eengerul Gabriel (Luca 1:28), printr-o fraz\u00e3 aflat\u00e3 la temelia unei alte rug\u00e3ciuni cre\u0219tine, <em>Bucur\u00e3-te, Marie<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[4] Mai multe informa\u021bii se pot g\u00e3si \u00een scrisoarea lui Tolkien c\u00e3tre Rhona Beare din 14 octombrie 1958 (scrisoarea nr. 211 din volumul <em>The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, <\/em>\u00eengrijit de Humphrey Carpenter \u0219i Christopher Tolkien \u0219i publicat pentru prima dat\u00e3 de George Allen &amp; Unwin \u00een 1981), precum \u0219i \u00een diverse studii \u0219i comentarii, printre care cel scris de Helge K. Fauskanger (v. http:\/\/folk.uib.no\/hnohf\/elbereth.htm &#8211; surs\u00e3 accesat\u00e3 pe 24 octombrie 2008)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[5] Varia\u021biunea imnic\u00e3 invocat\u00e3 \u00een c\u00e3minul lui Elrond, st\u00e3p\u00e2nul \u021binutului Rivendell (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. I, pp. 341-342).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[6] Fanuilos este o form\u00e3 a numelui Amon Uilos, denumirea sindarin\u00e3 a muntelui Oiloss\u00eb (&#8222;Albea\u021ba Nepieritoare&#8221;), un fel de Olimp al P\u00e3m\u00e2ntului de Mijloc, unde tr\u00e3iau valarii Manw\u00eb \u0219i Varda. Mul\u021bi au fost deruta\u021bi de acest aspect \u0219i de aceea au considerat c\u00e3 miturile din <em>Silmarillion <\/em>sunt de sorginte p\u00e3g\u00e2n\u00e3. \u00centr-o scrisoare datat\u00e3 2 decembrie 1953, adresat\u00e3 lui Robert Murray, Tolkien m\u00e3rturisea, f\u00e3r\u00e3 echivoc: &#8222;Bine\u00een\u021beles, <em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor <\/em>este o oper\u00e3 fundamental religioas\u00e3 \u0219i catolic\u00e3; ini\u021bial, f\u00e3r\u00e3 s\u00e3-mi dau seama, apoi [urm\u00e3rind] con\u0219tient [acest lucru] \u00een timpul revizuirii.&#8221; (&#8220;<em>The Lord of the Rings <\/em>is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work; unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision.&#8221;)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[7] Varia\u021biunea imnic\u00e3 invocat\u00e3 \u00een Cirith Ungol de c\u00e3tre Sam Gamgee, care o \u00eenfrunt\u00e3 pe Shelob (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. II, p. 425).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[8] Varia\u021biunea imnic\u00e3 invocat\u00e3 la \u00eentoarcerea din aventur\u00e3 a lui Frodo Baggins \u0219i a lui Sam Gamgee (<em>St\u00e3p\u00e2nul inelelor<\/em>, vol. III, p. 401).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Clic aici pentru versiunea pdf a studiului O dat\u00e3 cu romanele sale, scriitorul englez John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973) a creat un univers insolit, P\u00e3m\u00e2ntul de Mijloc, populat de diferite neamuri: pitici, elfi, orci, c\u00e3pc\u00e3uni, oameni, uria\u0219i, hobbi\u021bi. Felul cum&#8230; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/2011\/04\/j-r-r-tolkien-trei-texte-sacre-in-graiuri-elfice\/\">Continu\u0103 lectura &rarr;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[5,8,6,7],"class_list":["post-30","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-limba-elfica","tag-manwe","tag-tatal-nostru","tag-varda"],"views":14631,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.tolkien.ro\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}